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News and comments to the effect that President Erdoğan has embraced Hitler’s Germany as a positive example of the presidential system embody all aspects of the “opposition through verbal engineering” syndrome.

 Etyen Mahçupyan  The identification of the Justice and Development Party (AK Party) solely with its Islamist label made it difficult to grasp the party's view...

This time around, the PKK believes that Syria’s dissolution and the internationalization of the Syrian crisis provides it with a historical opportunity that may never be found again. Hence it is, that it has completely abandoned any vision of an in-Turkey solution, instead orienting itself much more emphatically towards a “Bakur-Rojava” (north-south) state formation project. The HDP has also been persuaded to this plan as never before, brought into line, bullied into obedience, and forced to burn all its bridges by adopting a language of violence that has put paid to all democratic possibilities once and for all.

The uncertainty about the citizenships of Syrian refugees in Turkey is another reason for the state to realize the failure of bureaucracy and take steps for institutional reforms.

A presidential system must be embraced not because it will help cross a “threshold,” but because it is a governmental system that will enable Turkey to achieve long-term success in the postmodern global system.